{"id":12218,"date":"2022-11-11T09:26:01","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T09:26:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/gender-issues-in-translation\/"},"modified":"2023-06-20T02:04:13","modified_gmt":"2023-06-20T02:04:13","slug":"van-de-gioi-tinh-trong-dich-thuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/van-de-gioi-tinh-trong-dich-thuat\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Gi\u1edbi T\u00ednh Trong D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Mary c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con c\u1eebu con, b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft\u2026 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, n\u00f3 theo c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng dao ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi d\u1ecbch n\u00f3 sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: con c\u1eebu l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i hay con trai? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc, con c\u1eebu \u0111i h\u1ecdc, hay c\u00f4 g\u00e1i?<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00ec d\u1ecbch sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p: <\/strong>Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho danh t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u1ea3y sinh khi d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cb\u1ea1n\u201d theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00e1c khi \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea1n\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n . V\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00edch th\u00ec c\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t \u201cel\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc sol ho\u1eb7c \u201cla&#8217; tr\u01b0\u1edbc fille kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh khi gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00edch. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t &#8220;T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&#8221;; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh m\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u201cdo\u201d c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a: <\/strong>Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t con m\u00e8o trong ti\u1ebfng Anh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201che\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cshe\u201d n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, con m\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cit\u201d. T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. L\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u201czie, zim, zir, zis, v\u00e0 zieself\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cshe\/she, him\/her, his\/her, his\/hers, himself\/herself\u201d. V\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 x\u1eed th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: <\/strong>Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, tuy nhi\u00ean, theo ngh\u0129a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb \u201cth\u01b0 k\u00fd\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1eebng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y do nam gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m, nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang n\u1eefa. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb &#8220;\u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c&#8221; s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i-gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u xa, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1edf c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mary c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con c\u1eebu con, b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft\u2026 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, n\u00f3 theo c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng dao ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi d\u1ecbch n\u00f3 sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized-vi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12218"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12219,"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12218\/revisions\/12219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worknow.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}